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OLD TRAMWAY OVERHEAD FITTINGS

The overhead wire was supported by gunmetal fittings, up to 40 cms long, known as 'ears'.

Standard Ear


Special ears were made with anchorages for attaching straining wires (a) or to take the strain in one direction in the event of frequent breakage of the contact wire (b).
To feed power into a contact wire, an ear with a connecting terminal was manufactured (c).
At a joint in the contact wire, the ends were held by a splicing ear (d).

a) Strain or anchor ear
b) Half-anchor ear
c) Feeder ear
d) Splicing ear


On curves, the wire could be pulled to one side by straining wires attached to 'pulloff' insulators. The single pulloff could only operate on a single contact wire. The double pulloff was used on the outermost wire of a curve in a twin-track system, allowing the straining wire to continue to a single pulloff on the innermost contact wire of the curve without fouling the power collecting device of the vehicles.

Double and Single Pulloffs


At points where one track bifurcated or two tracks joined, the overhead wire was similarly dealt with by means of a 'frog'.

Various types of Frog


Where tracks crossed, the overhead wires crossed in a 'crossing' fitting which could, if necessary, insulate one wire from the other.

Standard Crossing

Insulated Crossing


Sections of the overhead wire had to be electrically isolated from each other at half-mile intervals, so that, in the event of a fault or accident, any section could be easily disconnected and made 'dead'. Section insulators were spliced into the wire at these points

Section Insulators

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